Table 1.

Typical Applications of relay for Covert Communications

Ref Main feature Roles of relay
[16, 17] Relay transmits covert information to Amplify-and-forward the original message
the destination on top of forwarding and superpose the covert information on
the source’s message. the existing communication.
[19] Relay can flexibly choose Amplify-and-forward the covert information
the FD or the HD mode. and send jamming signal to disturb Willie.
[20] The relay-to-destination link Decode-and-forward the original message
is selected to forward the information. and superpose the covert information on
the existing communication.
[21] Linear multi-hop relaying network Decode-and-forward the covert information.
is monitored by UAV.
[22] Multi-hop covert communication Decode-and-forward the covert information
find optimal routing under multiple with a single key or independent keys.
collaborating Willies’ surveillance.

Note: This is text of the table footnotes.

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