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Table 2.

Directions for research and development in cybersecurity for critical infrastructures.

Research area Description Expected impact
Intelligent threat detection systems Development of AI/ML-based models for real-time anomaly detection and behavioral threat forecasting Faster, more accurate incident detection and reduced false positives

Quantum cryptography and post-quantum security Integration of quantum key distribution (QKD) and post-quantum encryption algorithms Future-proof data confidentiality in the age of quantum computing

Resilience modeling and recovery strategies Simulation-based analysis of infrastructure resilience and recovery under cascading failure scenarios Improved system robustness and reduced downtime following cyber incidents

Socio-technical and behavioral research Study of human factors, insider threat prevention, and security awareness training Decreased risk of user-related breaches and enhanced security culture

Global cybersecurity governance and legal harmonization Creation of international standards and cooperative response frameworks Stronger multinational coordination and faster response to cross-border threats

Notes. Source: compiled by the author based on Sontan and Samuel [34]; Khaustova et al. [35]; Aminu et al. [36]

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