Review

ℱAMEπ: A practical full-stack system architecture for empowering secure digital finance

¹ School of Computer Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
² Key Laboratory of Embedded System and Service Computing, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201804, China
³ Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Shanghai 200030, China

^* Corresponding author (email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. )
^** Corresponding author (email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. )

Received: 8 December 2025
Revised: 2 February 2026
Accepted: 26 February 2026

Abstract

The rapid advancement of digital technologies and the growing complexity of financial systems have amplified the uncertainty, heterogeneity, and interconnectedness of modern financial problems. Traditional digital finance methods, which typically focus on single scenarios, isolated user groups, or narrowly defined tasks, struggle to address today’s hybrid financial environments characterized by cross-scenario demands, multi-stakeholder interactions, and tightly coupled functional and security requirements. To bridge this gap, we first propose a novel taxonomy of digital finance research encompassing five macro perspectives (Application, Model, Element, Platform Infrastructure, and Facility), providing a systematic coordinate system for positioning and analyzing existing studies. Building on this foundation, we introduce ℱAMEπ, a practical full-stack system architecture designed to empower secure, scalable, and holistic digital finance. ℱAMEπ co-designs and integrates diverse financial applications, a broad spectrum of models, theories of full-element aggregation optimization and trustworthy computation, and a unified intelligent computing platform. Unlike fragmented or patchwork solutions, ℱAMEπ achieves cross-layer interoperability and system-level optimization, enabling resilient, robust, and inherently secure digital finance across all major scenarios. This work thus establishes both a conceptual blueprint and an architectural path toward next-generation full-stack digital finance systems.